Products related to Chromosomes:
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Innovation in Information Technology
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Evolution, Composition and Regulation of Supernumerary B Chromosomes
Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.
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Abnormal Chromosomes : The Past, Present, and Future of Cancer Cytogenetics
Explore the past, present, and future of cancer cytogeneticsIn Abnormal Chromosomes: The Past, Present, and Future of Cancer Cytogenetics, globally renowned researchers Drs.Sverre Heim and Felix Mitelman deliver a state-of-the-art review of how cancer cytogenetic analyses have contributed to an improved understanding of tumorigenesis as well as to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.The book also discusses how cytogenetics – the study of chromosomes - meets, interacts with, and cross-fertilizes other investigative technologies, including molecular somatic cell genetics. The book provides an impetus to think more deeply about the role chromosomes, and their abnormalities, play in health and disease, especially in neoplastic disorders.From which origins did cytogenetics develop? How did the finding of acquired chromosomal abnormalities in cells of leukemias and solid tumors influence our understanding of cancer as a biological process?How was information of this nature put to good use in the clinical management of cancer patients?Abnormal Chromosomes: The Past, Present, and Future of Cancer Cytogenetics offers readers: A thorough introduction to ancient theories of disease, the advent of cellular pathology, and how a scientific interest in chromosomes developedComprehensive exploration of the conceptual importance of Theodor Boveri and his somatic mutation theory of cancerA detailed chronological resume of cancer cytogenetic discoveries during the 20th centuryIn-depth discussions of the role of chromosome abnormalities, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes in leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors, together with a survey of what chromosome analyses have revealed about the clonal evolution of neoplastic cell populationsA discussion of the importance of pathogenetic classifications of neoplastic diseases, the role chromosome abnormalities play in this context, and which technological breakthroughs can be expected in chromosome-oriented cancer research Abnormal Chromosomes: The Past, Present, and Future of Cancer Cytogenetics was written for everyone with a scientific or clinical interest in cancer, especially how acquired chromosome abnormalities lead to neoplastic transformation.The book teaches how cytogenetic analyses contribute to a better understanding of tumorigenesis, but also how the finding of specific chromosome aberrations can be crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cancer patients.
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Critical ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development)
The edited volume Critical ICT4D highlights the need for a paradigm change in theorising, designing, and researching Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D).Engaging authors from the Majority World and entering a process of restoring epistemic justice in knowledge production and ownership, the text:Reflects on the histories and narratives around development programmes, their deep-rooted socio-political background, and the power relations integrated into or induced by such measuresProblematises the current scholarship and practices through decolonial and pluralistic approaches built with an explicit perspective of resisting epistemic violenceConstructs justice-enacting engagements of technologies with society. Offering thematic discussions in many development sectors with up-to-date case studies informed by recent research in the field, it sheds light on constructive contributions of critical ICT4D research.Written in accessible language, the book will appeal to postgraduate students, fellow researchers, policymakers in the fields of sociology, development studies, STS, critical data studies, surveillance studies, international relations, public administration, and information systems. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
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Do all chromosomes have different types of information?
Yes, all chromosomes carry different types of information. Each chromosome contains a unique set of genes that encode for specific traits and functions. These genes are made up of DNA sequences that provide the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Additionally, chromosomes also contain non-coding DNA sequences that regulate gene expression and play a role in chromosome structure and stability. Therefore, each chromosome carries a distinct combination of genetic information that contributes to the overall genetic makeup of an organism.
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Are a chromatid chromosome and two chromatid chromosomes homologous chromosomes or a set of chromosomes?
A chromatid chromosome and two chromatid chromosomes are not homologous chromosomes, but rather a set of chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes in the same order, one from each parent. In contrast, chromatid chromosomes are duplicated copies of a single chromosome that are joined together at the centromere. Two chromatid chromosomes refer to a duplicated chromosome in preparation for cell division.
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Are chromosomes unreliable?
Chromosomes are not inherently unreliable, as they are the structures that carry our genetic information and play a crucial role in cell division and inheritance. However, errors can occur during the process of chromosome replication and segregation, leading to genetic mutations and disorders. Additionally, environmental factors and lifestyle choices can also impact the stability and integrity of chromosomes. Overall, while chromosomes are essential for the functioning of our cells and the inheritance of genetic traits, they are not immune to errors and can be influenced by various factors.
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Is the genetic information of homologous chromosomes the same?
No, the genetic information of homologous chromosomes is not exactly the same. While homologous chromosomes carry genes for the same traits, they may have different versions of those genes, known as alleles. This genetic variation between homologous chromosomes is a result of genetic recombination during meiosis, where segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, leading to different combinations of alleles. This genetic diversity is important for creating variation within a population and for the process of evolution.
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Spatial Information Technology for Sustainable Development Goals
This textbook aims to develop a scientific knowledge base on spatial information technology to communicate the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among students, researchers, professionals and laymen.The book improves understanding of the spatial database and explains how to extract information from this for planning purposes.To enhance the knowledge of geoscientists and environmentalists, the book describes the basic fundamental concepts to advance techniques for spatial data management and analysis and discusses the methodology.The Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing and Global Positioning System (GPS) are presented in an integrated manner for the planning of resources and infrastructure.The management of these systems is discussed in a very lucid way to develop the reader's skills.The proper procedure for map making and spatial analysis are included along with case studies to the reader.Where thefirst part of the book discusses the conceptual background, the second part deals with case studies using these applications in different disciplines.The presented case studies include land use, agriculture, flood, watershed characterization and infrastructure assessment for the Sustainable Development Goals.
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The Language of ICT : Information and Communication Technology
The Language of ICT:* explores the nature of the electronic word and presents the new types of text in which it is found* examines the impact of the rapid technological change we are living through* analyses different texts, including email and answerphone messages, webpages, faxes, computer games and articles about IT* provides detailed guidance on downloading material from the web, gives URLs to visit, and includes a dedicated webpage* includes a comprehensive glossary of terms.
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Communication and Information Technology in (Intercultural) Language Teaching
The topic of this book is in congruence with the current trends in foreign language education worldwide.On the one hand, it tackles the concept and implementation of intercultural language teaching; on the other, it analyses the circumstances in which information and communication technology may be utilised in the contemporary EFL classroom.Both intercultural teaching and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) have been promoted by national/international educational documents in Europe, the USA and Asia, and endorsed by international organisations, including the Council of Europe and UNESCO.This book constitutes a pioneering attempt at establishing the role of ICT in English language and culture teaching within the Polish education system.However, the research instruments used within both research modules are applicable to other education systems worldwide, while the results obtained have implications for intercultural and computer-assisted language education in international contexts.The research results presented in the book highlight to the broad EFL profession a wide range of issues relating to the use of ICT in the foreign language classroom.They also offer materials writers, software designers and EFL teachers criteria with which to evaluate the intercultural component of CALL software.
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Cambridge IGCSE Information and Communication Technology Third Edition
This title is endorsed by Cambridge Assessment International Education to support the full syllabus for examination from 2023. Written by renowned expert authors, our updated resources enable the learner to effectively navigate through the content of the updated Cambridge IGCSE™ Information and Communication Technology syllabuses (0417/0983). - Develop skills when working with documents, databases and presentations: detailed step-by-step guidance demonstrates precisely how to perform a full range of software skills. - Build an understanding of theory: concepts are carefully explained and consolidated with a range of different activities. - Tackle spreadsheets and website authoring with confidence: challenging ideas are fully exemplified, with plenty of opportunity to practice using embedded Tasks. - Navigate the syllabus confidently: learning content is clearly mapped to the syllabus, with introductions to each topic outlining the learning objectives. - Consolidate skills and check understanding: activities and exam-style questions are embedded throughout the book, alongside key definitions of technical terms and a Glossary.
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What is the difference between single chromosomes and double chromosomes?
Single chromosomes refer to a single strand of DNA that contains genetic information. In contrast, double chromosomes refer to a pair of identical chromosomes, one from each parent, that are joined together at the centromere. Single chromosomes are found in haploid cells, such as gametes, while double chromosomes are found in diploid cells, such as somatic cells. Double chromosomes allow for genetic diversity and the exchange of genetic material through processes such as meiosis and fertilization.
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What is the difference between chromosomes, chromatids, and double chromosomes?
Chromosomes are the structures within cells that contain genetic information. They are made up of DNA and proteins. Chromatids are the two identical copies of a chromosome that are formed during the process of DNA replication. Double chromosomes, on the other hand, refer to the paired chromosomes that are formed during cell division, with each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids. In summary, chromosomes are the overall structures containing genetic material, chromatids are the individual copies of a chromosome, and double chromosomes are the paired chromosomes formed during cell division.
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Does a homologous pair of chromosomes consist of two single-chromatid chromosomes or two double-chromatid chromosomes?
A homologous pair of chromosomes consists of two single-chromatid chromosomes. Each chromosome in the pair comes from one parent, and they carry the same genes in the same order, but may have different versions of those genes. During the S phase of the cell cycle, each single-chromatid chromosome replicates to form a double-chromatid chromosome, but these double-chromatid chromosomes do not pair up with each other during normal cell division.
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What is the difference between chromatids, chromosomes, and pairs of chromosomes?
Chromatids are two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at the centromere. Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genetic information. Pairs of chromosomes refer to two homologous chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that carry similar genes but may have different variations. In summary, chromatids are the duplicated copies of a single chromosome, chromosomes are the structures that contain genetic material, and pairs of chromosomes are homologous chromosomes inherited from each parent.
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