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Communication Protocol Specification and Verification
Communication protocols are rules whereby meaningful communication can be exchanged between different communicating entities.In general, they are complex and difficult to design and implement.Specifications of communication protocols written in a natural language (e.g.English) can be unclear or ambiguous, and may be subject to different interpretations.As a result, independent implementations of the same protocol may be incompatible.In addition, the complexity of protocols make them very hard to analyze in an informal way.There is, therefore, a need for precise and unambiguous specification using some formal languages. Many protocol implementations used in the field have almost suffered from failures, such as deadlocks.When the conditions in which the protocols work correctly have been changed, there has been no general method available for determining how they will work under the new conditions.It is necessary for protocol designers to have techniques and tools to detect errors in the early phase of design, because the later in the process that a fault is discovered, the greater the cost of rectifying it. Protocol verification is a process of checking whether the interactions of protocol entities, according to the protocol specification, do indeed satisfy certain properties or conditions which may be either general (e.g., absence of deadlock) or specific to the particular protocol system directly derived from the specification. In the 80s, an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) working group began a programme of work to develop formal languages which were suitable for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).This group called such languages Formal Description Techniques (FDTs).Some of the objectives of ISO in developing FDTs were: enabling unambiguous, clear and precise descriptions of OSI protocol standards to be written, and allowing such specifications to be verified for correctness.There aretwo FDTs standardized by ISO: LOTOS and Estelle. Communication Protocol Specification and Verification is written to address the two issues discussed above: the needs to specify a protocol using an FDT and to verify its correctness in order to uncover specification errors in the early stage of a protocol development process.The readership primarily consists of advanced undergraduate students, postgraduate students, communication software developers, telecommunication engineers, EDP managers, researchers and software engineers.It is intended as an advanced undergraduate or postgraduate textbook, and a reference for communication protocol professionals.
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Innovation in Information Technology
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Utility Communication Networks and Services : Specification, Deployment and Operation
This CIGRE green book begins by addressing the specification and provision of communication services in the context of operational applications for electrical power utilities, before subsequently providing guidelines on the deployment or transformation of networks to deliver these specific communication services.Lastly, it demonstrates how these networks and their services can be monitored, operated, and maintained to ensure that the requisite high level of service quality is consistently achieved.
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ArchiMate 2.1 Specification
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What is the online color mixing specification?
The online color mixing specification refers to the process of digitally combining different colors to create a new color. This can be done using various tools and software that allow users to select and blend different hues, saturations, and values to achieve the desired color. The specification typically includes options to adjust the RGB (red, green, blue) values, as well as the hue, saturation, and lightness of the colors being mixed. Additionally, users may have the ability to input specific color codes or use a color picker tool to select colors from a palette.
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Is the RMS wattage specification of a digital amplifier realistic?
The RMS wattage specification of a digital amplifier can be realistic if it is measured and reported accurately. Digital amplifiers are capable of delivering high power output efficiently, so their RMS wattage specification can be a good indicator of their performance. However, it is important to consider other factors such as the quality of the components, the design of the amplifier, and the impedance of the speakers when evaluating the realism of the RMS wattage specification. It is always best to test the amplifier in real-world conditions to determine its actual performance.
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Is the specification of RMS watts realistic for a digital amplifier?
The specification of RMS watts for a digital amplifier can be realistic if it accurately reflects the amplifier's power output under continuous, real-world conditions. Digital amplifiers are capable of delivering consistent power output, so the RMS watts specification can provide a meaningful measure of the amplifier's performance. However, it is important to consider other factors such as the amplifier's efficiency, distortion levels, and impedance matching to fully evaluate its capabilities. Overall, the specification of RMS watts can be realistic for a digital amplifier as long as it is supported by comprehensive testing and accurate measurement methods.
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What is a construction specification?
A construction specification is a detailed description of the materials, workmanship, and standards required for a construction project. It outlines the quality and performance criteria for the materials and work to be used, as well as the methods and procedures to be followed during construction. Specifications are typically included in the contract documents and serve as a guide for contractors to ensure that the project is built to the desired standards and requirements. They help to ensure that the finished project meets the expectations of the owner and complies with building codes and regulations.
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Specification for Tunnelling
The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Specification for Tunnelling, Fourth edition is a standard industry document for tunnelling contracts and forms the basis of tunnelling specifications for projects throughout the world.It reflects current industry best practice and considers technological advancements over the last ten years.It also investigates a range of new topics. Since the publication of the third edition in 2010, the British tunnelling industry has completed several major projects both domestic and abroad.This updated fourth edition captures the many advances made in the field of tunnelling and the lessons learned on these projects through a comprehensive review of all content by subject matter experts.The importance of sustainability and the increased market share of low CO2e materials have been reflected by removal of prescriptive requirements and a strong emphasis on performance-based specification.All references to codes, standards and other design documents have been comprehensively updated. Drafted by an expert editorial committee and supported by multiple rounds of industry-wide peer reviews, the Specification for Tunnelling in its fourth edition will continue to be the de facto standard reference work for tunnelling in the UK and worldwide.
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Specification of Drug Substances and Products : Development and Validation of Analytical Methods
Specification of Drug Substances and Products: Development and Validation of Analytical Methods is a comprehensive and critical analysis of the requirements and approaches to setting specifications for new pharmaceutical products, with an emphasis on phase-appropriate development and validation of analytical methods.This book is intended as more than a review of new regional guidelines, existing regulatory guidance, and industry practices.It provides a hands-on guide to understanding and applying these in practice.The authors discuss critical issues, novel approaches, and future directions while also providing insight into how International Guidelines were developed and the rationale behind them.
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Critical ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development)
The edited volume Critical ICT4D highlights the need for a paradigm change in theorising, designing and researching Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D).Engaging authors from the Global South, entering a process of restoring epistemic justice in knowledge production and ownership the text:· Reflects on the histories and narratives around development programmes, their deep-rooted socio-political background, and the power relations integrated into or induced by such measures;· Problematises the current scholarship and practices through decolonial and pluralistic approaches built with an explicit perspective of resisting epistemic violence; and· Constructs justice-enacting engagements of technologies with society. Offering thematic discussions in many development sectors with up-to-date case studies informed by recent research in the field, it sheds light on constructive contributions of critical ICT4D research.Written in an accessible language, the book will appeal to postgraduate students, fellow researchers, policymakers in the fields of sociology, development studies, STS, critical data studies, surveillance studies, international relations, public administration, and information systems.
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Critical ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development)
The edited volume Critical ICT4D highlights the need for a paradigm change in theorising, designing and researching Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D).Engaging authors from the Global South, entering a process of restoring epistemic justice in knowledge production and ownership the text:· Reflects on the histories and narratives around development programmes, their deep-rooted socio-political background, and the power relations integrated into or induced by such measures;· Problematises the current scholarship and practices through decolonial and pluralistic approaches built with an explicit perspective of resisting epistemic violence; and· Constructs justice-enacting engagements of technologies with society. Offering thematic discussions in many development sectors with up-to-date case studies informed by recent research in the field, it sheds light on constructive contributions of critical ICT4D research.Written in an accessible language, the book will appeal to postgraduate students, fellow researchers, policymakers in the fields of sociology, development studies, STS, critical data studies, surveillance studies, international relations, public administration, and information systems.
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What does the specification n100o mean?
The specification n100o means that the writer should write a narrative that is 100 words long. The "n" stands for narrative, indicating the type of writing, and the number 100 specifies the word count. This type of specification helps writers to be concise and focused on delivering a brief narrative within the given word limit.
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What does the specification c05lmolerlaeutere mean?
The specification c05lmolerlaeutere is likely a typo or a random string of characters that does not have a specific meaning in any known context. It does not correspond to any standard coding language or format, so it is difficult to determine its intended purpose without further information.
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Is it often a quantity specification?
No, "often" is not a quantity specification. Instead, it is an adverb that indicates frequency or likelihood. It is used to describe how frequently something occurs or how likely something is to happen. For example, "I often go for a run in the morning" or "It often rains in the spring."
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What does this mhd specification mean?
The MHD specification refers to a type of file format used for storing and transmitting data related to scientific and engineering simulations. MHD stands for Magnetohydrodynamics, which is a branch of physics that studies the behavior of electrically conducting fluids, such as plasmas and liquid metals, in the presence of magnetic fields. Therefore, the MHD specification likely includes information about the physical properties, numerical methods, and boundary conditions used in simulating magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. This file format is important for researchers and engineers working in fields such as astrophysics, fusion energy, and plasma physics.
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