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Innovation in Information Technology
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Information Theory And Evolution (2nd Edition)
Information Theory and Evolution discusses the phenomenon of life, including its origin and evolution (and also human cultural evolution), against the background of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and information theory.Among the central themes is the seeming contradiction between the second law of thermodynamics and the high degree of order and complexity produced by living systems.This paradox has its resolution in the information content of the Gibbs free energy that enters the biosphere from outside sources, as the author will show.The role of information in human cultural evolution is another focus of the book.The first edition of Information Theory and Evolution made a strong impact on thought in the field by bringing together results from many disciplines.The new second edition offers updated results based on reports of important new research in several areas, including exciting new studies of the human mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA.Another extensive discussion featured in the second edition is contained in a new appendix devoted to the relationship of entropy and Gibbs free energy to economics.This appendix includes a review of the ideas of Alfred Lotka, Frederick Soddy, Nicholas Georgiescu-Roegen and Herman E.Daly, and discusses the relevance of these ideas to the current economic crisis.The new edition discusses current research on the origin of life, the distinction between thermodynamic information and cybernetic information, new DNA research and human prehistory, developments in current information technology, and the relationship between entropy and economics.
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Evolution and Development : Conceptual Issues
The intersection of development and evolution has always harbored conceptual issues, but many of these are on display in contemporary evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).These issues include: (1) the precise constitution of evo-devo, with its focus on both the evolution of development and the developmental basis of evolution, and how it fits within evolutionary theory; (2) the nature of evo-devo model systems that comprise the material of comparative and experimental research; (3) the puzzle of how to understand the widely used notion of 'conserved mechanisms'; (4) the definition of evolutionary novelties and expectations for how to explain them; and (5) the demand of interdisciplinary collaboration that derives from investigating complex phenomena at key moments in the history of life, such as the fin-limb transition.This Element treats these conceptual issues with close attention to both empirical detail and scientific practice to offer new perspectives on evolution and development.This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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Network Evolution and Applications
Network Evolution and Applications provides a comprehensive, integrative, and easy approach to understanding the technologies, concepts, and milestones in the history of networking.It provides an overview of different aspects involved in the networking arena that includes the core technologies that are essential for communication and important in our day-to-day life.It throws some light on certain past networking concepts and technologies that have been revolutionary in the history of science and technology and have been highly impactful.It expands on various concepts like Artificial Intelligence, Software Defined Networking, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things, which are very popular at present.This book focuses on the evolutions made in the world of networking.One can’t imagine the world without the Internet today; with the Internet and the present- day networking, distance doesn’t matter at all.The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a tough time worldwide, with global lockdown, locked homes, empty streets, stores without consumers, and offices with no or fewer staff.Thanks to the modern digital networks, the culture of work from home (WFH) or working remotely with the network/Internet connection has come to the fore, with even school and university classes going online.Although WFH is not new, the COVID-19 pandemic has given it a new look, and industries are now willfully exploring WFH to extend it in the future.The aim of this book is to present the timeline of networking to show the developments made and the milestones that were achieved due to these developments.
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What is cosmic evolution, chemical evolution, biological evolution, and cultural evolution?
Cosmic evolution refers to the development and changes in the universe over time, including the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets. Chemical evolution is the process by which elements and compounds have changed and evolved over time, leading to the formation of complex molecules and the conditions necessary for life. Biological evolution is the process by which living organisms have changed and diversified over time through genetic variation, natural selection, and other mechanisms. Cultural evolution refers to the development and changes in human societies, including the growth of technology, language, art, and social structures.
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What triggers evolution?
Evolution is triggered by a combination of factors, including genetic mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Genetic mutations create new variations in a population, which can then be acted upon by natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Genetic drift and gene flow also play a role in shaping the genetic makeup of a population over time. These factors collectively drive the process of evolution by leading to changes in the frequency of genetic traits within a population.
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Is evolution stingy?
Evolution is not inherently stingy, but rather it is driven by the process of natural selection, which favors traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. This can sometimes result in the appearance of stinginess, as resources are allocated to the most advantageous traits. However, evolution also promotes cooperation and mutualism in many species, leading to the development of symbiotic relationships and social behaviors that benefit the group as a whole. Overall, evolution is a complex process that can result in both competitive and cooperative behaviors, depending on the specific ecological and environmental pressures at play.
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What about evolution?
Evolution is the process by which species of organisms change over time through the process of natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms. It is a fundamental concept in biology and has been supported by a large body of evidence from fields such as genetics, paleontology, and comparative anatomy. Evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth and how species have adapted to their environments over millions of years. It is a well-established scientific theory that has withstood rigorous testing and continues to be a central principle in the study of biology.
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Digital Advertising Evolution
This cutting-edge text brings together a diverse range of scholars and practitioners to examine how digital has become the default space for advertising— in practice, communication, and commercial process. Providing a wide-ranging and multi-disciplinary account of a complex contemporary moment for promotional communications, Digital Advertising Evolution charts recent and profound shifts in the advertising industry’s working models and assumptions about media, audience, data, research, consumer practices, and modes of persuasive promotional communication.Innovations and new advertising formats, including programmatic ads, AI, advergames, memes, branded content, and influencers, have transformed and reframed advertising theories and practices for a new generation.Contributions examine major technological and cultural shifts in the advertising field, considering how platforms have provoked a paradigm shift in the character and conceptual framework defining advertising.This thorough analysis of the field critically explores key concepts, genres, campaigns, history, academic theories, and major actors, as well as governance, regulation, and ethics to provide a complete picture of the current state of the industry.Written for a global readership, Digital Advertising Evolution is ideal for advanced students and researchers of digital advertising and promotional cultures.It will also be of interest to professionals seeking to reflect on the changing industry.
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The Evolution of Biological Information : How Evolution Creates Complexity, from Viruses to Brains
Why information is the unifying principle that allows us to understand the evolution of complexity in natureMore than 150 years after Darwin’s revolutionary On the Origin of Species, we are still attempting to understand and explain the amazing complexity of life.Although we now know how evolution proceeds to build complexity from simple ingredients, quantifying this complexity is still a difficult undertaking.In this book, Christoph Adami offers a new perspective on Darwinian evolution by viewing it through the lens of information theory.This novel theoretical stance sheds light on such matters as how viruses evolve drug resistance, how cells evolve to communicate, and how intelligence evolves.By this account, information emerges as the central unifying principle behind all of biology, allowing us to think about the origin of life—on Earth and elsewhere—in a systematic manner. Adami, a leader in the field of computational biology, first provides an accessible introduction to the information theory of biomolecules and then shows how to apply these tools to measure information stored in genetic sequences and proteins.After outlining the experimental evidence of the evolution of information in both bacteria and digital organisms, he describes the evolution of robustness in viruses; the cooperation among cells, animals, and people; and the evolution of brains and intelligence.Building on extensive prior work in bacterial and digital evolution, Adami establishes that (expanding on Dobzhansky’s famous remark) nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of information.Understanding that information is the foundation of all life, he argues, allows us to see beyond the particulars of our way of life to glimpse what life might be like in other worlds.
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The Evolution of Biological Information : How Evolution Creates Complexity, from Viruses to Brains
Why information is the unifying principle that allows us to understand the evolution of complexity in natureMore than 150 years after Darwin’s revolutionary On the Origin of Species, we are still attempting to understand and explain the amazing complexity of life.Although we now know how evolution proceeds to build complexity from simple ingredients, quantifying this complexity is still a difficult undertaking.In this book, Christoph Adami offers a new perspective on Darwinian evolution by viewing it through the lens of information theory.This novel theoretical stance sheds light on such matters as how viruses evolve drug resistance, how cells evolve to communicate, and how intelligence evolves.By this account, information emerges as the central unifying principle behind all of biology, allowing us to think about the origin of life—on Earth and elsewhere—in a systematic manner. Adami, a leader in the field of computational biology, first provides an accessible introduction to the information theory of biomolecules and then shows how to apply these tools to measure information stored in genetic sequences and proteins.After outlining the experimental evidence of the evolution of information in both bacteria and digital organisms, he describes the evolution of robustness in viruses; the cooperation among cells, animals, and people; and the evolution of brains and intelligence.Building on extensive prior work in bacterial and digital evolution, Adami establishes that (expanding on Dobzhansky’s famous remark) nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of information.Understanding that information is the foundation of all life, he argues, allows us to see beyond the particulars of our way of life to glimpse what life might be like in other worlds.
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Hox Modules in Evolution and Development
Few, if any, genes have had the same level of impact on the field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) as the Hox genes.These genes are renowned for their roles in patterning the body plans and development of the animal kingdom.This is complemented by the distinctive organisation of these genes in the genome, with them frequently being found as clusters in which gene position is linked to when and where the individual genes are expressed, particularly during embryogenesis.This book provides the latest overviews of Hox gene organisation and function for major clades of animals from across the animal kingdom.With the rapidly increasing availability of high-quality whole genome sequences from an ever-expanding range of species, it is becoming increasingly evident that there is great diversity in the organisation of Hox genes.These great strides in genome sequencing are wedded to important developments in our ability to detect expression and disrupt gene function in species that are not traditionally genetically-amenable animals.These technical developments are integrated with wide taxon-sampling in this volume to provide new perspectives on the roles of Hox genes in understanding fundamental issues such as embryo patterning, mechanisms of gene regulation, homology, evolvability, evolutionary novelties, phylogeny, the role of gene and genome duplications in evolution, and ancestral states for major clades of animals. Key features Integrative overviews from major animal groups including, arthropods, vertebrates, echinoderms, mollusks and other spiralians. Perspectives gleaned from the latest genome sequence and gene expression data. Individual chapters written by world-leading experts in Hox genes and evo-devo in each animal group. Related TitlesScholtz, G., ed. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Crustacea (ISBN 978-9-0580-9637-1)Mattick, J. & P. Amaral. RNA, The Epicenter of Genetic Information (ISBN 978-0-3675-6778-1)Bard, J.Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity (ISBN 978-0-3673-5701-6)
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Can evolution stop?
Evolution is a continuous process driven by genetic variation, natural selection, and environmental changes. While it is theoretically possible for evolution to slow down or even temporarily stop in a stable environment with little genetic variation, it is unlikely to completely halt. As long as there are factors such as mutations, genetic recombination, and environmental pressures, evolution will continue to shape and change species over time. Therefore, while it may slow down under certain conditions, it is unlikely for evolution to completely stop.
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Will evolution change?
Evolution is a continuous process driven by genetic variation, natural selection, and environmental changes. As long as these factors continue to operate, evolution will continue to occur. However, the specific direction and pace of evolution may change in response to new environmental pressures, genetic mutations, and other factors. Therefore, while the fundamental process of evolution is unlikely to change, the specific outcomes and patterns of evolution may vary over time.
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What is the difference between synthetic evolution and natural evolution?
Synthetic evolution involves the intentional manipulation of genetic material by humans in a controlled environment, such as in a laboratory setting, to produce desired traits or outcomes. In contrast, natural evolution occurs in nature through the process of natural selection, where organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. While synthetic evolution is directed and guided by human intervention, natural evolution is driven by environmental pressures and random genetic mutations.
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Are the laws of evolution also the laws of human social development?
While the principles of evolution, such as natural selection and adaptation, can provide insights into human social development, it is important to note that human societies are complex and influenced by a wide range of factors beyond biological evolution. Human social development is shaped by cultural, historical, economic, and political factors, which may not always align with the laws of evolution. Therefore, while there may be some overlap in the principles governing evolution and human social development, they are not entirely synonymous.
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